The standoff
Around 70% of adults in emerging markets have no access to formal credit
Not because lenders do not want the volume — because they cannot underwrite it. Thin bureau files, informal income records and no reliable way to collect turn retail lending into a risk decision most institutions decline to take.
The result is a standoff. Millions of salaried, employed, entirely creditworthy people borrow from informal lenders at punitive rates, while licensed institutions hold capital they cannot deploy into retail.